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Immigration detention in Australia is the policy and practice of the Australian Government of detaining in Australian immigration detention facilities non-citizens suspected of visa violations, illegal entry or unauthorised arrival, and those subject to deportation and removal in immigration detention until a decision is made by the immigration authorities to grant a visa and release them into the community, or to repatriate them to their country of departure. Persons in immigration detention may at any time opt to voluntarily leave Australia for their country of origin, or they may be deported or given a bridging or temporary visa. In 1992, Australia adopted a mandatory detention policy obliging the Australian Government to detain all persons entering or being in the country without a valid visa, while their claim to remain in Australia is processed and security and health checks undertaken. Also at the same the law was changed to empower indefinite detentions, from the previous limit of 273 days. Mandatory detention continues to be part of a campaign by successive Australian governments to stop people without a valid visa (typically asylum seekers) entering the country by boat. The policy was originated by the Keating Government in 1992, and has been varied by the subsequent Howard, Rudd, Gillard and Abbott Governments.〔 The policy is regarded as controversial and has been criticised by a number of organisations. Nonetheless, the High Court of Australia has confirmed, albeit by majority, the constitutionality of indefinite mandatory detention of aliens.〔''Al-Kateb v Godwin'' (2004) 219 CLR 562〕 Mandatory detention rules also apply to persons whose visa has been cancelled by the Minister, for example on character grounds, allowing such persons to be detained in immigration detention and deported, some after living in Australia for a long period.〔(Australian government deporting life-long residents over minor offences )〕〔https://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/wa/a/30022499/syria-visit-costs-man-aussie-visa/〕 ==History of mandatory detention== Mandatory detention of asylum seekers (technically, "unlawful arrivals") in Australia was established by the Keating Government by the ''Migration Reform Act 1992'' which came into operation on 1 September 1994. It was originally intended as an interim measure. Controls on unauthorised arrivals were tightened under the subsequent Howard Government, including under the Pacific Solution policy, contributing to a sharp decline in boat arrivals and, consequently, to numbers of people being detained. The Pacific Solution was dismantled by the Rudd Government and partially restored under the Gillard Government in response to increased boat arrivals and reported deaths at sea. Mandatory detention was introduced to "support the integrity of Australia's immigration program" and "management of Australian borders" and to distinguish between those who have submitted themselves to offshore entry processes prior to arrival and those who have not. Under the policy, asylum seekers are mandatorily detained while they "undergo an assessment process, including security and health checking, to establish if they have a legitimate reason for staying in Australia".〔(20 March 2013) Janet Phillips & Harriet Spinks. (Immigration detention in Australia ). Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 26 July 2013.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Immigration detention in Australia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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